Deme

So the lack of proof is the proof? Bro you have schizophrenia.

Not an arcus, but what looks to be a series of Stratocumulus volutus. Nice find nonetheless!

Arcus is a supplementary feature attached to a strong convective cloud (Cumulonimbus or possibly a strong Cumulus). This isn’t the case here.

A per capita map would also be nice.

Close, but this is in fact the circumhorizontal arc. It’s very similar to the cza, but the refractions happen in the opposite order. The cha occurs below the sun when the sun is high, the cza occurs high above the sun (near the zenith) when the sun is low.

Nice pictures!

Pseudopupils

Yes, but was this the bullet that hit him (so picture taken after he was hit), or a previous shot that missed?

Spectacular crepuscular rays!

Beautiful! Cirrus spissatus always makes for some great sunsets and sunrises. Here you also have some Cirrus fibratus.

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Not refraction, but diffraction and interference. The droplets (or ice particles or in some cases even pollen) get so small that light stops behaving like rays at those scales.

This is the 22° halo. A Corona is an entirely different phenomenon caused by diffraction and interference of light around tiny water or ice particles, or other such particles of similar size. Halos on the other hand are formed by refraction. Here’s another great resource about coronae (and pretty much every other atmospheric optical phenomenon out there).

You’re correct about halo phenomena being caused by ice crystals. As such, they are most often observed when there’s Cirrostratus in the sky, and that in turn is often the result of an incoming warm front. The Cirrostratus may start to thicken into Altostratus and Nimbostratus, so overcast and rainy would be the safest bet.

I’m pretty sure that the important bit here was the quality of those particles, not their quantity.

The study was designed to detect aerosols covered with “meteor dust” left behind by space rocks that burned up upon entry. Instead, the plane detected high levels of metallic elements contaminating the floating molecules, none of which could be explained by meteors or other natural processes.

The discovery “represents the first time that stratospheric pollution has been unquestionably linked to reentry of space debris,” researchers wrote in the statement.

In total, the study identified 20 different metallic elements that do not naturally occur in Earth’s atmosphere, including silver, iron, lead, magnesium, titanium, beryllium, chromium, nickel and zinc.

The team suspects that the main source of the pollution is rocket boosters that are ejected by rockets shortly after they clear the upper atmosphere, then fall back to Earth.

A foggy morning

That is a beast!

Also a bit of mammatus there on the underside of the incus.

That’s a lot of dead trees :(

Nice pic tho