What concepts or facts do you know from math that is mind blowing, awesome, or simply fascinating?

Here are some I would like to share:

  • Gödel’s incompleteness theorems: There are some problems in math so difficult that it can never be solved no matter how much time you put into it.
  • Halting problem: It is impossible to write a program that can figure out whether or not any input program loops forever or finishes running. (Undecidablity)

The Busy Beaver function

Now this is the mind blowing one. What is the largest non-infinite number you know? Graham’s Number? TREE(3)? TREE(TREE(3))? This one will beat it easily.

  • The Busy Beaver function produces the fastest growing number that is theoretically possible. These numbers are so large we don’t even know if you can compute the function to get the value even with an infinitely powerful PC.
  • In fact, just the mere act of being able to compute the value would mean solving the hardest problems in mathematics.
  • Σ(1) = 1
  • Σ(4) = 13
  • Σ(6) > 101010101010101010101010101010 (10s are stacked on each other)
  • Σ(17) > Graham’s Number
  • Σ(27) If you can compute this function the Goldbach conjecture is false.
  • Σ(744) If you can compute this function the Riemann hypothesis is false.

Sources:

  • _g_be@lemmy.world
    33·
    1 year ago

    I find the easiest way to understand Monty Hall is to think of it in a meta way:

    Situation A - A person picks one of three doors, 1 n 3 chance of success.

    Situation B - A person picks one of two doors, 1 in 2 chance of success.

    If you were an observer of these two situations (not the person choosing doors) and you were gonna bet on which situation will more often succeed, clearly the second choice.

    • zenharbinger@lemmy.world
      7·
      1 year ago

      But the issue is that by switching doors, you have a 66% chance of winning, it doesn’t drop to 50% just because there are 2 doors, it’s still 33% on the first door, 66% on the other doors (as a whole), for which we know one is not correct and won’t choose.

      • _g_be@lemmy.world
        22·
        1 year ago

        on the whole

        is the key words here

        individually the door has that 1:2 chance, but the scenario has more context and information and thus better odds. Choosing scenario B over scenario A is a better wager

    • KarmaTrainCaboose@lemmy.world
      3·
      1 year ago

      I don’t understand how this relates to the problem. Yes 50 percent is greater than 33 percent, but that’s not what the Monty hall problem is about. The point of the exercise is to show that when the game show host knowingly (and it is important to state that the host knows where the prize is) opens a door, he is giving the contestant 33 percent extra odds.